Financial market infrastructure failures are becoming one of the largest operational and regulatory risks facing global exchanges as aging systems struggle to support increasingly digital, real-time and interconnected capital markets.
ASX agreed to settle legal proceedings brought by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission related to allegedly misleading statements made in 2022 regarding the troubled CHESS replacement project, one of the most controversial infrastructure failures in recent exchange history.
Under the proposed settlement, ASX agreed to pay:
- A$20.5 million in penalties
- A$3 million toward ASIC’s legal costs
subject to approval by the Federal Court of Australia.
The broader significance extends far beyond one regulatory case.
The CHESS controversy became a major warning sign for exchanges, clearing houses and financial infrastructure operators globally as markets increasingly depend on large-scale modernization projects involving:
- cloud migration
- distributed ledger technology
- real-time settlement
- digital asset integration
- 24/7 market infrastructure
The market backdrop also matters.
Global exchanges increasingly face pressure to modernize infrastructure while competing against:
- crypto-native platforms
- alternative trading systems
- tokenization networks
- AI-driven trading ecosystems
- real-time financial infrastructure providers
ASX Admitted Its “Progressing Well” Statement Was Misleading
ASIC originally launched proceedings in August 2024 alleging ASX made misleading statements regarding the status of the CHESS replacement project.
Under the settlement, ASX admitted that a 10 February 2022 market announcement stating the project was “progressing well” was misleading.
ASIC said ASX internally classified the project as “red” before the announcement, indicating major unresolved issues and significant delivery risks.
The regulator also said:
- the project had fallen off its critical path toward an April 2023 launch
- industry testing environments opened with reduced scope
- important work remained incomplete
- project timelines had already slipped internally
Despite those issues, ASX publicly maintained the project was progressing appropriately.
Only six weeks later, ASX informed markets there was a strong likelihood the launch date would be delayed.
In November 2022, the exchange ultimately paused the project entirely and derecognized approximately A$245 million to A$255 million in pre-tax project costs.
ASIC Chair Sarah Court said the disclosures risked damaging trust in Australia’s financial system.
Sarah Court, Chair of ASIC, said, “ASX has admitted to making a misleading statement in relation to critical market infrastructure at the centre of Australia’s financial system.”
She added, “These admissions concern the accuracy of disclosures to the market about a significant and complex project that carried real consequences for confidence, planning, and investment across the market.”
The broader trend increasingly connects with multiple structural themes already reshaping financial markets, including market infrastructure competition, real-time settlement pressure, AI-driven financial systems and tokenized capital market infrastructure.
The CHESS Failure Became One Of Finance’s Biggest Technology Disasters
The CHESS replacement project originally began during 2016 and 2017 as a major attempt to modernize Australia’s core clearing and settlement infrastructure using distributed ledger technology.
At the time, the initiative was widely viewed as one of the most ambitious blockchain-based exchange infrastructure projects globally.
The failure later became a major embarrassment for ASX and broader financial infrastructure modernization efforts.
The collapse intensified industry skepticism toward:
- large-scale blockchain infrastructure projects
- distributed ledger settlement systems
- exchange technology migrations
- complex post-trade transformation programs
The controversy also raised questions around governance, disclosure standards and project oversight across systemically important market operators.
David Clarke, Chair of ASX, said, “The market must have confidence in what ASX says about its operations as these statements can be relied upon to make decisions.”
He added, “When we stopped the CHESS project in November 2022 to reassess our whole approach, that tested market confidence in ASX and called into question the nature of statements previously made.”
Clarke also said, “As the market operator and a steward of critical market infrastructure, our words matter. I am sorry ASX fell short.”
The exchange said the settlement reflects a broader effort to restore market confidence while focusing on delivering the replacement project through a revised approach.
ASX Still Faces Pressure To Deliver A Successful Replacement System
Despite the regulatory settlement, the larger operational challenge for ASX remains unresolved.
The exchange still needs to successfully replace CHESS, one of the core infrastructure systems supporting Australia’s capital markets.
ASX said the new replacement structure now operates through:
- Release 1 focused on clearing services
- Release 2 focused on settlement and subregister functionality
According to ASX, Release 1 successfully went live in April 2026.
Interim CEO Darren Yip said the updated platform continued processing elevated trading volumes during periods of heightened global market volatility.
Darren Yip, Interim CEO of ASX, said, “CHESS remains a critical priority for the Group.”
He added, “Since go-live of Release 1, CHESS has continued to perform strongly, consistently processing elevated trading volumes during periods of heightened global market volatility – underscoring its resilience and scalability.”
The larger issue increasingly facing exchanges globally is that infrastructure modernization projects are becoming:
- more expensive
- more complex
- more politically sensitive
- more operationally critical
At the same time, exchanges face pressure to modernize quickly enough to compete with rapidly evolving digital financial systems.
The larger strategic battle increasingly centers on whether legacy financial infrastructure operators can modernize core systems without undermining trust, operational resilience or market stability.
Takeaway
ASX’s settlement with ASIC highlights how infrastructure modernization failures increasingly create not only operational and financial risks, but also regulatory and reputational consequences for exchanges operating critical financial systems.
The larger challenge may no longer center on whether exchanges modernize legacy infrastructure, but whether they can deliver complex transformation projects without destabilizing confidence in the markets they operate.